Note 3. Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with the generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting policies that we deem most critical to us and that require management’s most difficult and subjective judgments include the principles of consolidation, the recoverability of property, plant and equipment, the adequacy of insurance reserves, the recognition and measurement of impairments for investments accounted for under ASC 320 - Investments - Debt and Equity Securities and the recognition and measurement of income tax assets and liabilities. The actual results experienced by us may materially differ from management’s estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider cash equivalents to be highly liquid debt securities with insignificant interest rate risk with original maturities from the date of purchase of three months or less. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash deposits. Accounts at each United States financial institution are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000. Accounts at each Canadian financial institution are insured by the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $100,000 CAD per account. As of March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, we held cash equivalents in excess of these insured limits. To mitigate this risk, we select financial institutions based on their credit ratings and financial strength. Investments Fixed Maturities and Marketable Equities. Fixed maturity investments consist of either marketable debt, equity or redeemable preferred stocks. As of the balance sheet dates, all of our investments in these securities were classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale investments are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses recorded net of taxes and applicable adjustments to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, we first assess whether the security is below investment grade. For securities that are below investment grade, we evaluate whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors such as the interest rate environment. Declines in value due to credit are recognized as an allowance. In making this assessment, management considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse market conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, cumulative default rates based on ratings are used to determine the potential cost of default, by year. The present value of these potential costs is then compared to the amortized cost of the security to determine the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Declines in fair value that have not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses, such as declines due to changes in market interest rates, are recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. If we intend to sell a security, or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the security is written down to its fair value and the write down is charged against the allowance for credit losses, with any incremental impairment reported in earnings. Reversals of the allowance for credit losses are permitted and should not exceed the allowance amount initially recognized. Changes in the market value of common stocks are recognized in earnings. Fair value for these investments is based on quoted market prices, dealer quotes or discounted cash flows. The cost of investments sold is based on the specific identification method. See Note 24, Allowance for Credit Losses, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Mortgage Loans and Notes on Real Estate. Mortgage loans and notes on real estate are reported at their unpaid balance, net of any allowance for expected losses and any unamortized premium or discount. See Note 24, Allowance for Credit Losses, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Recognition of Investment Income. Interest income from fixed maturities and mortgage notes is recognized when earned. Dividends on common and preferred stocks are recognized on the ex-dividend dates. Realized gains and losses on the sale or exchange of investments are recognized at the trade date. Accrued Interest Receivable Accrued interest receivables on available-for-sale securities totaled $29.3 million and $29.6 million as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively and are excluded from the estimate of credit losses. We have elected not to measure an allowance on accrued interest receivables as our practice is to write off the uncollectible balance that are 90 days or more past due. Furthermore, we have elected to write off accrued interest receivables by reversing interest income. Derivative Financial Instruments Our objective for holding derivative financial instruments is to manage interest rate risk exposure primarily through entering interest rate swap agreements and call options. We do not enter into these instruments for trading purposes. Counterparties to the interest rate swap agreements are major financial institutions. We have elected to apply hedge accounting to our derivatives. Derivatives that are designated in hedging relationships are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at the time they are designated and throughout the hedge period. Derivatives are recognized at fair value on the balance sheet and are classified as prepaid expenses (asset) or accrued expenses (liability) for the Moving and Storage segment and in investment, other for the Life segment. Derivatives that are not designated as cash flow hedges for accounting purposes must be adjusted to fair value through income. If the derivative qualifies and is designated as a cash flow hedge, changes in its fair value will be recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), upon the maturity of the hedge relationship, amounts remaining in AOCI are released to earnings. When the cash flow hedge is de-designated, or when the derivative is terminated before maturity, the fair value adjustment to the hedged debt continues to be reported as part of the carrying value of the debt and is recognized in interest expense over the remaining life. See Note 12, Derivatives, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Inventories and parts Inventories and parts were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31, |
|
|
|
2024 |
|
2023 |
|
|
|
(In thousands) |
|
Truck and trailer parts and accessories (a) |
$ |
|
145,383 |
|
$ |
|
150,319 |
|
Hitches and towing components (b) |
|
|
34,495 |
|
|
|
30,927 |
|
Moving supplies and propane (b) |
|
|
18,194 |
|
|
|
18,222 |
|
Subtotal |
|
|
198,072 |
|
|
|
199,468 |
|
Less: LIFO reserves |
|
|
(46,331 |
) |
|
|
(47,065 |
) |
Less: excess and obsolete reserves |
|
|
(801 |
) |
|
|
(929 |
) |
Total |
$ |
|
150,940 |
|
$ |
|
151,474 |
|
(a)Primarily held for internal usage, including equipment manufacturing and repair (b)Primarily held for retail sales Inventories consist primarily of truck and trailer parts and accessories used to manufacture and repair rental equipment as well as products and accessories available for retail sale. Inventory is held at our owned locations; our independent dealers do not hold any of our inventory. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Inventory cost is primarily determined using the last-in first-out method (“LIFO”). Inventories valued using LIFO consisted of approximately 94% and 94% of the total inventories for March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Had we utilized the first-in first-out method, stated inventory balances would have been $46.3 million and $47.1 million higher as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, the negative effect on income due to liquidation of a portion of the LIFO inventory was $0.6 million, $1.6 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Property, Plant and Equipment Our property, plant and equipment is stated at cost. Interest expense, if any, incurred during the initial construction of buildings is considered part of cost. Depreciation is computed for financial reporting purposes using the straight line or an accelerated method based on a declining balance formula over the following estimated useful lives: rental equipment 2-20 years, buildings and improvements 10-55 years and non-rental equipment 3-10 years. Routine maintenance costs are charged to operating expense as they are incurred. Gains and losses on dispositions of property, plant and equipment, other than real estate (“personal property”), are netted against depreciation expense when realized. The net amount of gains, netted against depreciation expense, were $154.0 million, $247.1 million and $214.2 million during fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Equipment depreciation is recognized in amounts expected to result in the recovery of estimated residual values upon disposal, i.e., minimize gains or losses. In determining the depreciation rate, historical disposal experience, holding periods and trends in the market for vehicles are reviewed. We regularly perform reviews to determine whether facts and circumstances exist which indicate that the carrying amount of assets, including estimates of residual value, may not be recoverable or that the useful life of assets are shorter or longer than originally estimated. Reductions in residual values (i.e., the price at which we ultimately expect to dispose of revenue earning equipment) or useful lives will result in an increase in depreciation expense over the remaining life of the equipment. Reviews are performed based on vehicle class, generally the subcategories of trucks and trailers. We assess the recoverability of our assets by comparing the projected undiscounted net cash flows associated with the related asset or group of assets over their estimated remaining lives against their respective carrying amounts. We consider factors such as current and expected future market price trends on used vehicles and the expected life of vehicles included in the fleet. Impairment, if any, is based on the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of those assets. If asset residual values are determined to be recoverable, but the useful lives are shorter or longer than originally estimated, the net book value of the assets is depreciated over the newly determined remaining useful lives. For our box truck fleet, we utilize an accelerated method of depreciation based upon the declining balances method (2.4 times declining balance). Thus, the book value of a rental truck is reduced under a double declining formula for the first seven years in which approximately 85% of the balance is depreciated. The remaining 15% is then reduced on a straight-line basis to a salvage value by the end of year fifteen. Comparatively, a standard straight-line approach would reduce the asset balance evenly over the life of the truck. Although we intend to sell our used vehicles for prices approximating book value, the extent to which we realize a gain or loss on the sale of used vehicles is dependent upon various factors including, but not limited to, the general state of the used vehicle market, the age and condition of the vehicle at the time of its disposal and the depreciation rates with respect to the vehicle. We typically sell our used vehicles at our sales centers throughout the United States and Canada, on our website at uhaul.com/trucksales or by phone at 1-866-404-0355. Additionally, we sell a large portion of our pickup and cargo van fleet at automobile dealer auctions. Receivables Trade receivables include trade accounts from moving and self-storage customers and dealers, insurance premiums and amounts due from reinsurers, less management’s estimate of expected losses. Moving and Storage has two (2) primary components of trade receivables, receivables from corporate customers and credit card receivables from sales and rentals of equipment. For credit card receivables, the Company uses a trailing 13 months average historical chargeback percentage of total credit card receivables. The Company rents equipment to corporate customers in which payment terms are 30 days. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and assesses each customer’s credit worthiness. In addition, the Company monitors collections and payments from its customers and maintains an allowance based upon applying an expected credit loss rate to receivables based on the historical loss rate from similar high risk customers adjusted for current conditions, including any specific customer collection issues identified, and forecasts of economic conditions. Delinquent account balances are written off after management has determined that the likelihood of collection is remote. Management believes that the historical loss information it has compiled is a reasonable base on which to determine expected credit losses for trade receivables because the composition of trade receivables as of that date is consistent with that used in developing the historical credit-loss percentages (i.e., the similar risk characteristics of its customers and its lending practices have not changed significantly over time). To adjust the historical loss rates to reflect the effects of these differences in current conditions and forecasted changes, management assigns a rating to each customer which varies depending on the assessment of risk. Management estimated the loss rate at approximately 5% and 4% as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Management developed this estimate based on its knowledge of past experience. As a result, management applied the applicable credit loss rates to determine the expected credit loss estimate for each aging category. Reinsurance recoverables include case reserves and actuarial estimates of claims incurred but not reported ("IBNR"). These receivables are not expected to be collected until after the associated claim has been adjudicated and billed to the reinsurer. The reinsurance recoverables have no allowance for credit losses due to the fact that reinsurance is typically procured from carriers with strong credit ratings. Furthermore, we do not cede losses to a reinsurer if the carrier is deemed financially unable to perform on the contract. Reinsurance recoverables also include insurance ceded to other insurance companies. The allowance for expected credit losses on trade receivables were $2.3 million and $3.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Notes and mortgage receivables include accrued interest and are reduced by discounts and amounts considered by management to be uncollectible. Policy Benefits and Losses, Claims and Loss Expenses Payable Life Insurance The liability for future policy benefits for traditional and limited-payment long duration life and health products comprises approximately $396.9 million of the total liability for future policy benefits, or approximately 47% of the consolidated Policy Benefits and Losses, Claims and Loss Expenses Payable. The liability is determined each reporting period based on the net level premium method. This method requires the liability for future policy benefits be calculated as the present value of estimated future policyholder benefits and the related termination expenses, less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders. Net level premiums reflect a recomputed net premium ratio using actual experience since the issue date or the "Transition Date" of April 1, 2021 and expected future experience. The liability is accrued as premium revenue and is recognized and adjusted for differences between actual and expected experience. Long-duration insurance contracts issued by the Company are grouped into cohorts based on the contract issue year, distribution channel, legal entity and product type. Both the present value of expected future benefit payments and the present value of expected future net premiums are based primarily on assumptions of discount rates, mortality, morbidity, lapse, and persistency. Each quarter, the Company remeasures its liability for future policy benefits using current discount rates with the effect of the change recognized in Other Comprehensive Income, a component of stockholders’ equity. In addition, the Company recognizes a liability remeasurement gain or loss using original discount rates, and relating to actual experience under the net premium calculation, as compared to the prior reporting period expected cash flows. The Company reviews, and updates as necessary, its cash flow assumptions (mortality, morbidity, lapses and persistency) used to calculate the change in the liability for future policy benefits at least annually. These cash flow assumptions are reviewed at the same time every year, or more frequently, if suggested by experience. If cash flow assumptions are changed, the net premium ratio is recalculated from the original issue date, or the Transition Date, using actual experience and projected future cash flows. When the expected future net premiums exceed the expected future gross premiums, or the present value of future policyholder benefits exceeds the present value of expected future gross premiums, the liability for future policy benefits is adjusted with changes recognized in policyholder benefits. The cash flow assumptions do not include an adjustment for adverse deviation. Mortality tables used for individual life insurance include various industry tables and reflect modifications based on Company experience. Morbidity assumptions for individual health are based on Company experience and industry data. Lapse and persistency assumptions are based on Company experience. The liability for future policy benefits is discounted as noted above, using a current upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield that reflects the duration characteristics of the liability for future policy benefits. The methodology for determining current discount rates consists of constructing a discount rate curve intended to be reflective of the currency and tenor of the insurance liability cash flows. The methodology is designed to prioritize observable inputs based on market data available in the local debt markets denominated in the same currency as the policies. For the discount rates applicable to tenors for which the single-A debt market is not liquid or there is little or no observable market data, the Company will use estimation techniques consistent with the fair value guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC“) 820, Fair Value Measurement. We further accrete interest as a component of policyholder benefits using the original discount rate that is locked in during the year of contract issuance. The original discount rates (or the locked-in discount rates) are used for interest accretion purposes and for the determination of net premiums, whereas the current discount rates are used for purposes of valuing the liability. The liability for future policy benefits for annuity and interest sensitive life-type products is represented by policy account value. For limited-payment contracts, a deferred profit liability is also recorded, with changes recognized in income over the life of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance in-force. Property & Casualty Property and Casualty Insurance’s liability for reported and unreported losses is based on Repwest’s historical data along with industry averages. The liability for unpaid loss adjustment expenses is based on historical ratios of loss adjustment expenses paid to losses paid. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers on unpaid losses are estimated in a manner consistent with the claim liability associated with the reinsured policy. Adjustments to the liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses as well as amounts recoverable from reinsurers on unpaid losses are charged or credited to expense in the periods in which they are made. Due to the nature of the underlying risks and high degree of uncertainty associated with the determination of the liability for future policy benefits and claims, the amounts to be ultimately paid to settle these liabilities cannot be precisely determined and may vary significantly from the estimated liability, especially for long-tailed casualty lines of business such as excess workers’ compensation. As a result of the long-tailed nature of the excess workers’ compensation policies written by Repwest from 1983 through 2001, it may take a number of years for claims to be fully reported and finally settled. On a regular basis, insurance reserve adequacy is reviewed by management to determine if existing assumptions need to be updated. In determining the assumptions for calculating workers’ compensation reserves, management considers multiple factors including the following: • Claimant longevity; • Cost trends associated with claimant treatments; • Changes in ceding entity and third-party administrator reporting practices; • Changes in environmental factors including legal and regulatory; • Current conditions affecting claim settlements; and • Future economic conditions, including inflation. We have reserved each claim based upon the accumulation of current claim costs projected through each claimant’s life expectancy and then adjusted for applicable reinsurance arrangements. Management reviews each claim bi-annually, or more frequently if there are changes in facts or circumstances, to determine if the estimated life-time claim costs have increased and then adjusts the reserve estimate accordingly at that time. We have factored in an estimate of what the potential cost increases could be in our IBNR liability. We have not assumed settlement of the existing claims in calculating the reserve amount, unless it is in the final stages of completion. Continued increases in claim costs, including medical inflation and new treatments and medications could lead to future adverse development resulting in additional reserve strengthening. Conversely, settlement of existing claims or if injured workers return to work or expire prematurely, could lead to future positive development. Self-Insurance Liabilities U-Haul retains the risk for certain public liability and third-party property damage claims related to our rental equipment. The consolidated balance sheets include $318.9 million and $335.2 million of liabilities related to these programs as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These liabilities represent an estimate for both reported claims not yet paid and claims incurred but not yet reported and are recorded on an undiscounted basis in policy benefits and losses, claims and loss expenses payable. Requirements are based on actuarial evaluations of historical accident claims expense and trends, as well as future projection of ultimate losses, expenses and administrative costs. The adequacy of the liability is monitored based on evolving claim history. This liability is subject to change in the future based upon changes in the underlying assumptions including claims experience, frequency of incidents, and severity of incidents. U-Haul has operated a self-insurance program for general liabilty coverage related to risks arising from U-Haul's moving operations since 2002. The Company maintains excess of loss coverage with third-party insurers for losses in excess of specific limits. Additionally, as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the consolidated balance sheets include liabilities of $20.4 million and $21.6 million, respectively, related to medical plan benefits we provide for eligible employees. We estimate this liability based on actual claims outstanding as of the balance sheet date as well as an actuarial estimate of IBNR claims. These amounts are recorded in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets. Liability from Investment Contracts Liability from investment contracts represents the amount held by the Company on behalf of the policyholder at each reporting date. This amount includes deposits received from the policyholder, interest credited to the policyholder's account balance, net of charges assessed against the account balance and any policyholder withdrawals. This balance also includes liabilities for annuities and certain other contracts that do not contain significant insurance risk, as well as the estimated fair value of embedded derivatives associated with indexed annuity products. The consolidated balance sheets include $2,411.4 and $2,398.9 million of liabilities for these contracts as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Revenue Recognition Self-moving rentals are recognized for the period that trucks and moving equipment are rented. Self-storage revenues, based upon the number of paid storage contract days, are recognized as earned during the period. Sales of self-moving and self-storage related products are recognized when control transfers to the customer. Property and casualty insurance premiums are recognized as revenue over the policy periods. Traditional life and Medicare supplement insurance premiums are recognized as revenue over the premium-paying periods of the contracts when due from the policyholders. For products where premiums are due over a significantly shorter duration than the period over which benefits are provided, such as our single premium whole life product, premiums are recognized when received and excess profits are deferred and recognized in relation to the insurance in force. Interest and investment income are recognized as earned. Amounts collected from customers for sales tax are recorded on a net basis. Please see Note 22, Revenue Recognition, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Leases Lessor We have determined that revenues derived by providing self-moving equipment rentals, self-storage rentals and certain other revenues, including U-Box rentals, are within the scope of the accounting guidance contained in Topic 842. We combined all lease and non-lease components of lease contracts for which the timing and pattern of transfer are the same and the lease component meets the classification of an operating lease, and account for them in accordance with Topic 842. The Company offers support equipment rentals which are deemed lease components. In connection with equipment and self-storage rentals, the Company also offers value added services such as insurance, which are deemed non-lease components. The revenue streams accounted for in accordance with Topic 842 are recognized evenly over the period of rental. Please see Note 23, Revenue Recognition, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Lessee We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases, which are comprised primarily of storage rental locations, with lease terms up to 88 years, except for our easements which are indefinite in term, are included in ROU assets – operating, net and operating lease liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases, which are comprised primarily of rental equipment leases, with primarily 7-year terms are included in ROU assets - financing, net, and notes, loans and finance leases payable, net in our consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the expected remaining lease term. We use our incremental borrowing rate based on information available at commencement date, including the rate for a fully collateralized loan that can either be fully amortized or financed with a residual at the end of the lease term, for a borrower with similar credit quality in order to determine the present value of lease payments. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, which are included in the calculation of ROU assets when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise those options. Covenants include the Company’s responsibility for all maintenance and repairs during the term of the agreement. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are not accounted for separately. Additionally, for certain leases, we apply a portfolio approach to account for the operating lease ROU assets and liabilities as the leases are similar in nature and have nearly identical contract provisions. Our equipment sale/leaseback transactions consist primarily of 7-year terms with a right to repurchase the asset and do not qualify as a sale. New sale leaseback transactions that fail to qualify as a sale are accounted for as a financial liability. Please see Note 18, Leases, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Advertising All advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses were $13.8 million, $11.1 million and $13.7 million in fiscal 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively and are included in operating expenses. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Deferred acquisition costs (“DAC") are directly related to the successful acquisition of new life insurance, annuity and health business, and primarily include sales commissions, policy issue costs, direct to consumer advertising costs, and underwriting costs. These costs are capitalized on a grouped contract basis and amortized over the expected term of the related contracts. These costs are not capitalized until they are incurred. Also recorded within DAC are sales inducements credited to policyholder account balances in the form of a premium bonus (“sales inducement assets”). As of March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Sales Inducement Asset included with DAC amounted to $14.9 million and $16.6 million, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet and amortization expense totaled $2.9 million, $3.7 million and $4.7 million for the periods ended March 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. DAC is amortized on a constant-level basis over the expected term of the grouped contracts, with the related expense included in amortization of deferred acquisition costs. The in-force metric used to compute the DAC amortization rate is premium deposit in-force for deferred annuities, policy count in-force for health insurance, and face amount in-force for life insurance. The assumptions used to amortize acquisition costs include mortality, morbidity, and persistency. These assumptions are reviewed at least annually and revised in conjunction with any change in the future policy benefit assumptions. The effect of changes in the assumptions are recognized over the remaining expected contract term as a revision of future amortization amounts. Environmental Costs Liabilities are recorded when environmental assessments and remedial efforts, if applicable, are probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. The amount of the liability is based on management’s best estimate of undiscounted future costs. Certain recoverable environmental costs related to the removal of underground storage tanks or related contamination are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful lives of the properties. These costs are capitalized if they improve the safety or efficiency of the property or are incurred in preparing the property for sale. Income Taxes U-Haul Holding Company files a consolidated tax return with all of its legal subsidiaries. The provision for income taxes reflects deferred income taxes resulting from changes in temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax consequence for those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred taxes are also recognized for operating losses that are available to offset future taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Earnings Per Share See Note 4, Earnings Per Share, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss), on a tax effected basis, consists of net earnings, foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on investments, the change in fair value of cash flow hedges and the change in postretirement benefit obligations. Debt Issuance Costs We defer costs directly associated with acquiring third-party financing. Debt issuance costs are deferred and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method. Debt issuance costs related to our long-term debt are reflected as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt. Please see Note 10, Notes, Loans and Finance Leases Payable, net, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Accounting Pronouncements Adoption of new Accounting Pronouncements Changes to GAAP are established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the form of accounting standards updates (“ASU”) to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. Except as noted below, there were no significant ASUs adopted during the year ended December 31, 2023. In August 2018, the FASB issued new guidance on long-duration contracts (ASU 2018-12, Financial Services-Insurance (Topic 944): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts (“LDTI”)). On April 1, 2023, the Company adopted LDTI, which is applicable to Oxford, and used the modified retrospective method with a transition date of April 1, 2021. LDTI resulted in changes to the measurement, presentation and disclosure requirements for long-duration insurance contracts. A summary of the most significant changes is provided below: 1)Entities were required to review, and update if there is a change to cash flow assumptions (including morbidity and mortality) at least annually, and to update discount rate assumptions quarterly using an upper-medium grade fixed-income instrument yield. The effect of changes in cash flow assumptions were recorded in the Company's results of operations. 2)The discount rate assumption used to measure the liability for traditional long-duration contracts is now based on an upper-medium grade fixed income yield, updated quarterly, with changes recognized in other comprehensive income ("OCI"). 3)DAC for all insurance products are required to be amortized on a constant-level basis over the expected term of the contracts, using amortization methods that are not a function of revenue or profit emergence. Changes in assumptions used to amortize DAC have been recognized as a revision to future amortization amounts. 4)Guaranteed benefits associated with certain fixed annuity contracts have been classified as market risk benefits ("MRBs"), which are now measured at estimated fair value through net income and reported separately on the consolidated statements of operations, except for nonperformance risk changes, which will be recognized in OCI. 5)There was a significant increase in required disclosures, including disaggregated roll-forwards of insurance contract assets and liabilities supplemented by qualitative and quantitative information regarding the cash flows, assumptions, methods and judgments used to measure those balances. The transition date was April 1, 2021. MRB changes were required to be applied on a retrospective basis, while the changes for insurance liability assumption updates and DAC amortization were applied to existing carrying amounts on the transition date. The cumulative effect, on an after-tax basis, of the adoption of ASU 2018-12 as of the transition date was a $8.1 million decrease to retained earnings and a $64.5 million decrease to AOCI. See Note 29, ASU 2018-12 Transition, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more detailed information on the impacts of the ASU to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-01, Leases (Topic 842 – Common Control Arrangements (“ASU 2023-01”). ASU 2023-01, accounting for leasehold improvements, requires a lessee in a common-control lease arrangement to amortize leasehold improvements that it owns over the improvements’ useful life to the common control group, regardless of the lease term, if the lessee continues to control the use of the underlying asset through a lease. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. We are currently in the process of evaluating the impact if any of the adoption of ASU 2023-01 on our consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. ASU 2023-07 requires disclosures to include significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), a description of other segment items by reportable segment and any additional measures of a segment's profit or loss used by the CODM when deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU requires all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 to be included in interim periods and is applicable to entities with a single reportable segment. The amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendment is effective retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting ASU 2023-07 on our disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income tax paid. Early adoption is permitted. The amendment is effective prospectively to all annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We are currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2024, the SEC issued a final rule that requires disclosure of: (i) financial statement impacts of severe weather events and other natural conditions; (ii) a roll forward of carbon offset and REC balances if material to the Company's plan to achieve climate-related targets or goals; and (iii) material impacts on estimates and assumptions in the financial statements. The rule is effective for the Company for annual periods beginning January 1, 2027 and is to be applied prospectively. In April 2024, the SEC issued an order staying the final rule pending judicial review of consolidated challenges to the rules by the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. The Company cannot predict what, if any, changes in scope or timing may occur as a result of the pending litigation. The Company continues its assessment to prepare for the new rule. |